FDA Tightens Antimicrobial Use

USDA Food and Drug Administration's recent decision to ban 'extra-label' or unapproved uses for certain antibiotics is a small step in the direction towards reducing the potential risk of antibiotic resistance in humans.

The order from the FDA, which comes into effect on 5 April this year, prohibits certain uses of the cephalosporin class of antimicrobial drugs in cattle, pigs, chickens and turkeys.

The FDA says it is taking this action to preserve the effectiveness of cephalosporin drugs for treating disease in humans and prohibiting these uses is intended to reduce the risk of cephalosporin resistance in certain bacterial pathogens.

The Administration stressed that antimicrobial drugs are important for treating disease in both humans and animals. This new order takes into consideration the substantial public comment FDA received on a similar order that it issued in 2008, but revoked prior to implementation.

However, the new order only bans cephalosporin drugs at unapproved dose levels, frequencies, durations, or routes of administration and it prohibits using cephalosporin drugs in cattle, pigs, chickens or turkeys that are not approved for use in that species, e.g. cephalosporin drugs intended for humans or companion animals, and also bars the use of cephalosporin drugs for disease prevention.

Veterinarians will still be able to use or prescribe cephalosporins for limited 'extra-label' use in farm animals, provided they follow the dose, frequency, duration, and route of administration that is on the label. They may also use or prescribe cephalosporins for 'extra-label' uses in minor species of food-producing animals such as ducks or rabbits.

Even Congresswoman Louise Slaughter, who is leading a campaign to prohibit the use of drugs that could cause antibiotic resistance in humans, described the FDA move at "a modest first step".

In the EU, there has been a very rare case of the authorities extending the derogation allowing five per cent non-organic feed ingredients in organic diets for poultry and pigs.

Until the end of last year, producers were able to feed five per cent of non-organic feed to organic pigs.

However, on 1 January 2012, European legislation was set to come into play, which would have meant that all organic poultry and pig producers would have to have fed 100 per cent organic feed.

Instead, the European Commission has said that it will extend the derogation after the industry expressed concerns for animal welfare.

It is likely the extension will be until the end of 2014, giving producers another three years until 100 per cent organic diets are mandatory.

Cutting food wastage would contribute to feeding the growing human population, according to the UK Government's chief scientist.

In the next 25 to 50 years, food production will have to double to keep up with growing populations and rising consumption. However, if global wastage of food is cut, then production will not have to grow at such a rate to meet demand, the UK government's chief scientific advisor, Professor Sir Bob Watson, told the Oxford Farming Conference last week.

Sir Bob told the conference that recent reports, such as the Foresight Report and the study by Sir John Beddington's Commission on Sustainable Agriculture, showed that the current food production system is unsustainable.

He said there is huge wastage in present food production and there are growing concerns over the excessive use of nitrogen and fertilisers to produce food.

And finally, in the UK, a further step has been achieved towards improved control of Streptococcus suis. Moredun Scientific has recently completed the validation of a S. suis serotype 2 disease model in weaner piglets for use in vaccine and therapeutic efficacy studies.

David Reddick, Head of Animal Health at Moredun Scientific, commented: "We are pleased to extend our disease model portfolio to offer a highly effective model of S. suis infection to our animal health clients supporting their efforts to prevent and control the disease."

FDA Tightens Antimicrobial Use

USDA Food and Drug Administration's recent decision to ban 'extra-label' or unapproved uses for certain antibiotics is a small step in the direction towards reducing the potential risk of antibiotic resistance in humans.

The order from the FDA, which comes into effect on 5 April this year, prohibits certain uses of the cephalosporin class of antimicrobial drugs in cattle, pigs, chickens and turkeys.

The FDA says it is taking this action to preserve the effectiveness of cephalosporin drugs for treating disease in humans and prohibiting these uses is intended to reduce the risk of cephalosporin resistance in certain bacterial pathogens.

The Administration stressed that antimicrobial drugs are important for treating disease in both humans and animals. This new order takes into consideration the substantial public comment FDA received on a similar order that it issued in 2008, but revoked prior to implementation.

However, the new order only bans cephalosporin drugs at unapproved dose levels, frequencies, durations, or routes of administration and it prohibits using cephalosporin drugs in cattle, pigs, chickens or turkeys that are not approved for use in that species, e.g. cephalosporin drugs intended for humans or companion animals, and also bars the use of cephalosporin drugs for disease prevention.

Veterinarians will still be able to use or prescribe cephalosporins for limited 'extra-label' use in farm animals, provided they follow the dose, frequency, duration, and route of administration that is on the label. They may also use or prescribe cephalosporins for 'extra-label' uses in minor species of food-producing animals such as ducks or rabbits.

Even Congresswoman Louise Slaughter, who is leading a campaign to prohibit the use of drugs that could cause antibiotic resistance in humans, described the FDA move at "a modest first step".

CME has upgraded the economic outlook in the US in 2012. Economist, Blu Putnam, says US economic improvements in 2012 will start with real GDP forecast to grow around 3.5 per cent to 4.0 per cent.

Poultry meat prices in Argentina are forecast to rise as the government ends subsidies on chicken and flour.

On 31 December 2011, the government of Argentina stopped paying subsidies to the poultry and flour milling industries – subsidies that were intended to keep prices at an acceptable level when they were introduced in 2007.

While the impact of the end of the subsidy on the price of chicken has yet to be determined, some estimates say that it will rise by 14 per cent. Producers feel they have no choice but to raise prices.

And finally, turning to this week's bird flu news, the H5N1 sub-type of highly pathogenic avian influenza has been confirmed in poultry in Odisha state in India, just days after the government announced the country was free of the disease. The same virus type has been found in poultry in Bhutan as well as wild birds in Hong Kong, while a low-pathogenic form has been found in Taiwan. A new report from the French agency, CIDRAP, stresses the need for vigilance to control bird flu in Africa.